o Pengrusakan atau tindak kekerasan terhadap website
o Tidak mengakui penyerangan yang dilakukan terhadap websites dan online services
o Pencurian data pelanggan
o Pencurian electronic intellectual property
o Pencurian melalui Internet dan jasa telepon
o Sabotase data atau jaringan
o Pelanggaran terhadap sistem finansial dan keamanan on-line
o Pembobolan, intersepsi ilegal dan pencurian ID
o Pelanggaran terhadap sistem pembayaran melalui kartu dan transfer dana secara elektronik
o Pornografi /Pornografi anak; cyber-stalking
o Judi /taruhan secara on-line
o Spionase komersial/korporasi
o Persekongkolan dan komunikasi konspirasi kriminal
o Penggangguan terhadap jasa jaringan-jaringan penting atau esensial
w Apa yang dimaksud etika?
o Kode
o Sekumpulan prinsip-prinsip
o Mengenai benar dan salah
o Digunakan dalam penilaian atau tindakan/perilaku
w Orang-orang umumnya bersifat etis hampir di setiap waktu
w Digunakan dalam berpikir kritis, baik secara sadar atau tidak sadar
o Etika adalah tujuan dari kehidupan yang lebih baik dengan dan untuk orang lain, dalam lembaga yang bersangkutan (Paul Ricour)
o Teori yang menyediakan aturan atau prinsip-prinsip umum yang digunakan dalam pembuatan keputusan-keputusan moral dan, tidak seperti lembaga pada umumnya, menyediakan justifikasi bagi aturan-aturan tersebut (Deborah Johnson).
o Kehidupan, kehidupan bersama
o Bersifat sosial, kolektif
o Mencakup aspek-aspek solidaritas, seperti budaya, kebudayaan, dan tradisi (yang bersifat relatif dan tergantung pada komunitas ybs)
o Etika merupakan categorical imperative – tindakan seseorang dikategorikan baik atau buruk berdasarkan nilai-nilai komunitas .
o Moral atau moralitas merupakan hypothetical imperative – tindakan seseorang ditentukan oleh hipotesis yang mendorong dirinya melakukan suatu tindakan
o Mencakup serangkaian prinsip-prinsip penilaian dan tindakan yang tertanam dalam kesadaran diri yang dilandasi oleh pengetahuan tentang apa yang dianggap “baik”
o Cenderung berada di dalam domain norma, baik yang sifatnya teoritis maupun universal, yang tertanam di dalam kesadaran yang dapat menunjukkan integritas “seseorang”
o Merupakan bagian dari otonomi seseorang dibanding dimensi solidaritas
7. Indikator Profesi (Benveniste, G. (1987) Professionalizing the Organization)
o Aplikasi ketrampilan berdasarkan pengetahuan khusus
o Persyaratan pendidikan dan pelatihan tingkat lanjut atau “advanced”
o Ujian formal kompetensi dan admisi yang terkontrol
o Keberadaan asosiasi profesi
o Keberadaan pedoman perilaku (code of conduct) atau etika
o Keberadaan komitmen atau tuntutan atau rasa tanggungjawab untuk melayani publik.
o Terlatih dengan baik (well-trained)
o Sangat berkualitas
o Mampu bekerja keras dan mandiri dalam memenuhi kebutuhan clients
o Dapat dipercaya (sesuai dengan gelar yang dimiliki)
o Code of conduct
o Code of ethics
o Guidelines
o Charter
o Code of professional conduct
1. Membantu anggota profesi untuk mengevaluasi tindakan alternatif dan membuat pilihan-pilihan yang lebih baik.
2. Mendidik anggota profesi baru melalui sharing pengalaman, pengetahuan, dan nilai-nilai
3. Memonitor profesi dengan menunjukkan perilaku mana yang etis dan tidak etis
4. Membantu anggota profesi dalam menghadapi tekanan dari pihak lain – clients, pemerintah, dsb.
5. Membantu lembaga-lembaga legislatif, administratif, dan judicial dengan menunjukkan basis penyelesaian masalah diantara anggota profesi atau antara anggota profesi dengan pihak lain
6. Sebagai acuan evaluasi publik
7. Meningkatkan reputasi profesi dan kepercayaan publik serta mencegah terjadinya bias dalam tindakan-tindakan anggota profesi
8. Fungsi-fungsi lainnya
1. Kode Etik
2. Bidang umum pengetahuan
3. Proses sertifikasi
4. Standard kerja profesional
Let’s view these components as if they were legs. Imagine yourself standing on the table you’re sitting at. Remove any one of the table legs, and the table would quickly collapse.
Think of a professional body (any professional body, not just ISACA) as resting upon these four supporting components. Remove any one component, and the profession would experience the same collapse.
What are these four components?
o Code of ethics to define what is expected of members.
o Body of knowledge which is common to all of the members (e.g. law, medicine, auditing, etc.).
o Means of indicating to the outside world which people are accredited by the organization – the CISA, in our case and finally,
o Bodies that wish to be regarded as a profession define or adopt standards by which the quality of a member’s work may be judged.
Professional ethics concerns:
o One’s conduct of behaviour and practice while doing professional work,
o Relations with peers in the work place,
o Conduct of duties towards the employer,
o Obligations towards the customer,
o Responsibility for the future of the profession at large.
o Responsibility for the wellbeing of the society at large.
We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies in affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree:
o To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment;
o To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist;
o To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data;
o To reject bribery in all its forms;
o To improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate application, and potential consequences;
o To maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations;
o To seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others;
o To treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin;
o To avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action;
o to assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to support them in following this code of ethics.
ACM enacted in 1972:
o Code of Professional Conduct, and,
o Procedures for its Enforcement.
It consisted of the following five canons, each of which was further stipulated in terms of Ethical Considerations and Disciplinary Rules:
o An ACM member shall act at all times with integrity.
o An ACM member should strive to increase his competence and the competence and prestige of the profession.
o An ACM member shall accept responsibility for his work.
o An ACM member shall act with professional responsibility.
o An ACM member should use his special knowledge and skills for the advancement of human welfare.
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct was adopted by ACM Council in 1992 as a major overhaul of the earlier code.
It consists of a Preamble and four sections:
o General Moral Imperatives
o More Specific Professional Responsibilities
o Organizational Leadership Imperatives
o Compliance with the Code
As an ACM member I will ….
1.1. Contribute to society and human well-being.
1.2. Avoid harm to others.
1.3. Be honest and trustworthy.
1.4. Be fair and take action not to discriminate.
1.5. Honor property rights including copyrights and patent.
1.6. Give proper credit for intellectual property.
1.7. Respect the privacy of others.
1.8. Honor confidentiality.
As an ACM computing professional I will ….
2.1. Strive to achieve the highest quality, effectiveness and dignity in both the process and products of professional work.
2.2. Acquire and maintain professional competence.
2.3. Know and respect existing laws pertaining to professional work.
2.4. Accept and provide appropriate professional review.
2.5. Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and their impacts, including analysis of possible risks.
2.6. Honor contracts, agreements, and assigned responsibilities.
2.7. Improve public understanding of computing and its consequences.
2.8. Access computing and communication resources only when authorized to do so.
As an ACM member and an organizational leader, I will ….
3.1. Articulate social responsibilities of members of an organizational unit and encourage full acceptance of those responsibilities.
3.2. Manage personnel and resources to design and build information systems that enhance the quality of working life.
3.3. Acknowledge and support proper and authorized uses of an organization’s computing and communication resources.
3.4. Ensure that users and those who will be affected by a system have their needs clearly articulated during the assessment and design of requirements; later the system must be validated to meet requirements.
3.5. Articulate and support policies that protect the dignity of users and others affected by a computing system.
3.6. Create opportunities for members of the organization to learn the principles and limitations of computer systems.
As an ACM member I will ….
4.1. Uphold and promote the principles of this Code.
4.2. Treat violations of this code as inconsistent with membership in the ACM.
